What security policies and systems are in place to prevent Essay

What security policies and systems are in place to prevent unauthorized access to the EMR and other sources of sensitive patient information - Essay Example Electronic medical records incline to be a part of the system of healthcare information which facilitates storage, repossession and alteration of the records. EMR enables to augment sharing as well as accessibility of health related records among certified individuals (Skolnik, 2010). Policies in Place to Prevent Unauthorized Access to the EMR The security policies related to EMR have been considered as a major concern under the Health Information and Accessibility Act (AnestaWeb, Inc, 2011). The security policies should be provided major consideration in any organization in order to create an effective functioning environment. Various security policies in relation to EMR have been initiated under certain important measures which are needed to be considered for its development. They are as follows: 1. What the operators want to obtain from the system (i.e. functional requirements). 2. The objects that are required to be protected 3. The objectives which are needed to be acquired with the resources in hand. In the first part, the function of the security policy is to maintain equilibrium between the functional as well as the security aspects of the systems. The requirements for security can be quite difficult due to the costs incurred for the systems and also with the problems faced by the operators while implementing the security systems (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). In the second part, â€Å"Inside attacks† is another important aspect of security policy in relation to EMR (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). These attacks are mainly faced by individuals who are the actual users of the system. The actual users can manipulate or abuse the rights for searching different data for their personal motive or to harm the financial viability of the organization. If the information is leaked it can bring disastrous consequences and can affect the functioning environment of the organization. Policies such as management of access control as well as encryption method can enable t o prevent such occurrences. Another important aspect for the security policy of EMR depicts threats generated from managed care corporations and insurance companies among others (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). These organizations can attempt to reveal protected patient information for their own benefits. The threats which are discussed describe about the secrecy of the patients information and also about the data available to be kept secure. If such information is leaked, it would be disastrous for the organizations’ welfare. In the third part, the security policies or standards for the data, which are needed to be safeguarded for the organization, are depicted in the threat model, which is provided by the Mayo Clinic/Foundation. These policies are as follows: a. Physical security in relation to data center sites: It deals with issues relating to prevention of theft, disaster recovery, backup of the required data and security of susceptible terminal locations among others (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). b. ‘Access control to system resources’: Issues related to controlling the physical devices as well as logical mechanism including computer programs (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). c. Data protection policies: Certain issues related to ensuring consistent protection of crucial data of organizational system is ascertained under this policy. Moreover, measures to be taken against the users who misuse the rights to use the systems properly (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). d. Security of hard copy materials: This security policy ensures to take relevant measures against security breaches of certain delicate documents, which can occur from paper copies of susceptible patient related data and electronic documents (Barrows &

Causes, Negative Effects of Child Abuse and Prevention Research Paper

Causes, Negative Effects of Child Abuse and Prevention - Research Paper Example This cause can be because of social-economic factors, parental profile, the family environment or child related factors. Parental related causes: In parental profile there are such factors as stressful conditions, health and mental problems, alcoholism and drug addiction, parenthood at youthful age and finally lack of proper parenting skills. All this factors in one way or another contribute directly or indirectly to the abuse of children or increases the susceptibility of children being abused. Family environment causes : Some of the factors within the family set up that increases the risk of children being abused include; constant marital conflicts and fights of the parents ,high burden of person responsibility and lack of support associated with single parenthood and failure of the parents to recognize and reward good behaviors but instead looking for negative behaviors in order to punish. Child related causes: Children in most cases do not contribute directly to being victims of mistreatment. ... , lack of social support, dangerous and risk neighborhoods and lastly violent communities that support the use of physical force to punish children (stopchildabusenow.com.au, 2008) 2.0 Effects of child abuse Child abuse and neglect results into physical, psychological, cognitive and behavioral consequences which are at times interrelated (Office on Child Abuse and Neglect (HHS), Washington, DC. e tal, 2003) Physical health problems: Health problems in children that are related to abuse include baby shaken syndrome that may result into brain damage, spinal cord injuries, impaired hearing, speech difficulties or even death. Trauma and psychological problems: Children undergoing mistreatment can suffer from complex trauma disorder which does affect the development of brain, interferes with capability of a child to integrate sensory, cognitive and emotional information and this eventually makes the child to overreact to subsequent stress situations. Learning and developmental problems: M altreatment of a child in early childhood does seriously affects the capacity development in infants particularly in area of speech and language. This in turn results in learning difficulties and poor performance and achievements academically. Mental problems: Mental problems particularly in adolescent is associated with abuse in childhood and the rates are generally higher in adolescent than in young children. In children and adolescents mental problems may include depression and anxiety disorders. Behavioral problems: Children abused in childhood portray complex behavior problems in adolescent. These behaviors may include isolation, sadness, depressions, aggressiveness, hyper reaction and improper sexual behaviors (Larmot, 2011) 3.0. Prevention of child abuse Children abuse and neglect

Marks And Spencer: An Analysis

Marks And Spencer: An Analysis Introduction Marks and Spencer is one of the UKs leading retailers. MandS was founded by a partnership between Michael marks, a polish immigrant from Slonim and Thomas Spencer in the early years 1884 to 1949. Then the next few years Michael marks opened some market stalls in many locations like North West of England. In 1984, Thomas Spencer invested in Marks activities and the plan to open the first store in partnership at 20, Cheetham Hill Road, Manchester. And that was the first founding of the present Mark and Spencer retail company. They started their business with a simple business strategy which was to sell quality products under the label of St Michael. MS lingerie, womens clothes and girls school uniform Task 1: Strategic Formulation: According to G Johnson K Scholes, Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. In simple words, business strategy is a plan which is set by an organisation in terms of future performance. It also gathers what are the plans needed to get the goals set. Whenever embryonic your strategy it is important to understand which position you want to start from in terms of the current performance levels. In addition it is important to consider the important factors which can influence the ability to achieve the strategy. So as MS strategy is including the following components they are vision, mission and goals. As MS Vision is to be standard against which all others are measured MS Mission is to make aspirational quality accessible to all And MS Values are Quality, value, service, innovation and trust Meaning of Stakeholder: Stakeholders are persons, groups or institution with interest in a project or programme. Stakeholder analysis helps to find out the interest of stakeholder in relation to the project, to identify the conflict of interest and understand the relations between stakeholders for the project interest is drawn. MSs management gave a great support that helped in its growth. But recently MSs mangers seems to fail on leading the group to lower and lower sales and profits and their strategic decisions. Shareholders are feeling insecure for future because the share prices are falling down. Hence, MS needs to undertake various steps to maintain the market share and retain its stakeholder in the business for the future growth and success. Stakeholder management has two important elements Stakeholder Analysis and Stakeholder Planning. Stakeholder analysis is a technique used to identify the key and important people who are needed for the project whereas stakeholder planning is a support that would help to succeed the plans. Importances of Stakeholder Analysis that is carried by MS are as follow: To understand the relationship with the stakeholder. To understand the stakeholders place in the organization. To understand the importance of the stakeholder in the organization. Stakeholders power Stakeholders priorities Associated risk areas. To help decide better strategies and decision To help accept the strategy and decision of the organization. http://www.actuaries.org.uk/?a=161691 take the diagram from this for stakeholder of MS What is Stakeholder Mapping? Description During the Stakeholder analysis process, it is useful to classify the various stakeholders by drawing pictures of what stakeholders interest they represent, what groups they are in, the amount of power they process, whether they symbolize inhabiting or following factors for the organisation to recognize its objectives, or which methods they should be dealt with. Stakeholder Mapping is the process to create such pictures to clarify the position. Business strategy definition: Strategic or institutional management is the conduct of drafting, implementing and evaluating cross functional decision that will enable an organization to achieve its long term. According to Arieu (2007), there is strategic consistency when the actions of an organization are consistence with the expectation of management, and these in turn are with the markets and the context. As MS is the UKs leading retailers, MS sells stylish, great value clothing and home products, as it also deliver excellent quality food, reliably sourced from around 2,000 suppliers globally. MS has a commitment as to provide advanced quality products at a reasonable price which has built a  £8 billion turnover, MS employ 68,000 employees in 30 countries, and has more than 500 stores and serving ten millions of customers each and every week. MS have spent the last five years putting in place tough foundations in line with the long term plans. MS have introduced new products and services in the core business of general merchandising (GM) and food, expanding the international business, broadening the multi-national portfolio, and putting the plan A in the heart of our business. MS also respond to the changing needs of the customers by improving the values without comprising on quality; something MS keep viewing the short term pain for a long term gain. MS with its strong brand, delivering the right products and with the exclusive experienced management team, MS are now: Operational executive and increase in the pace of change in the business Increasing MS direct by structuring more channels to markets. MS keep building their international portfolio so as to grow the global customer base MS keeps updating with the current brand communication. As MS celebrate their 125th anniversary they have revealed reputation for Trust, Quality, Service, Value and Innovation. These central part values of MS are as important today as they ever have been. MS has nearly 300 stores in UK which is the shop keeping leader. It is countrys largest retailer and the main business is Clothing which contribute 17% on market share price. MS has always targeted the middle aged class especially their clothing department and specifically the womens wear. Per Una is the brand that is very popular in UK. MS has decided to expand and explore new market in Malaysia. MS share price is also falling due to recession; hence investors are worried about it. Therefore a detail research is carried out to solve the problem and to launch a new clothing range in Malaysia as per the expansion plan. MS has carried out the environmental and organizational audit in order implement its expansion plan with strong clothing range and wide range of products to retain the market position and increase the share price. Following is the SWOT analysis that is carried by MS to first decide it strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of entering in new market for launching a range of new clothing in womens wear. SWOT Analysis for MS. Internal Strengths Weaknesses Own branded products under own labels. Best Quality service Having their own farm which gives Fresh/ Quality Food. Large Range of products Understands customer trends and preferences. Online-Shopping Existing store coverage is leading to difficulties High price as compare to competitors Very dependent on the performance of own labels External Opportunities Threats Expansion into the new markets. Retail Partnerships Internet shopping Available technology to improve their functioning. Cheap-chains targeting the high end market Overseas groups entering the market Threats from discount store which offers same price with trendy clothing range. With above analysis it is clear that MS can use a strategy that will allow them to enter new market like Malaysia. MS can certainly use its brand image and name to get familiar in the market and to face the competition. Though there is threats and weakness that needs to be taken care by MS in order to be successful in the expansion plan to maintain the market share price. Table 2 MS Industry, PEST Analysis Political Economic European Integration and Free Trade Agreement. Open market for British companies to invest in European. Competition Commission EU Competition Law 2009 Market value  £5.66bn Relative Recession proof industry Optimistic customer Booming retail industry Socio Cultural Technological Change in consumer taste and lifestyle. Organics and healthy eating Environmental conscious Internet selling. IT and Communication Supply Chain Optimization Cool Storage and Transport Stock Management and Bar Code Above analysis gives a clear picture about the European market as a part of expansion for MS. INTERNAL AUDIT: MS has decided to conduct the Organizational audit through Porters Generic Value chain. Porters Generic Value Chain Inbound Logistics > Operations > Outbound Logistics > Marketing Sales > Service > M A R G I N Firm Infrastructure HR Management Technology Development Procurement Diagram 1: http://www.netmba.com/strategy/value-chain/ MS goal behind these activities is to give the customers the value that exceeds the cost of activities and thereby this offer will result in the profit margin. The value chain activities explain MSs: Inbound Logistic: This explain the distribution to manufacturing of MS and even warehousing of the raw materials. Operations: Operation explains the process of transforming raw materials into finished products and service to sell them in MS outlets. Outbound Logistics: The manufacturing and distribution of finished goods. Marketing and Sales: carrying out the market research to identify the customers need and requirement to face the competition in the market. Service: After the product and services are sold MS has a strong support of customers. MS takes every complaint seriously because no problem is small in business in this modern competitive world. MS supports these activities with: The infrastructure of the MS firm is guided with organizational structure, control system and company culture. Put Diagram please to explain: Human resource management: MS takes additional care in selecting its workforce to make that it keeps the values and market position. TASK 2: Table 2 MS Boston Consulting Group Matrix Relative Market Share High Low Rate of Market Growth High Stars Question Marks Organic foods Clothing range Online shopping# Indian own brand foods Services Bakery Low Cash Cows Dogs Perfectly Balanced Own Brand Label Products Wines Delicatessen Counter sales (Fish, Cheese, Pattisserie, Meat) Frozen uncooked foods Flowers Entertainment goods STRATEGIC PLANNING: There are six steps in strategic planning, MS has covered few step as discussed above with various analysis carried out. In this task we will discuss the strategies to be used for entering in new market as part expansion plan. MS and every companies has three main generic strategies available either become the lowest cost retailer or differentiate product and services in such a way that the customers so that they will pay a premium price. Generic strategies result: Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. MSs core products ( food and clothing ), it emphasis a focus generic Strategies as it concentrates on a narrow segment A particular set of groups such as executives Market segmentation such as high end Product feature such as freshness and within the chosen segments MS attempts to achieve differentiation from Tesco, Asda and any high street retailer. Needs that can be better serviced by focusing entirely on it. Competitive Strategy: Competitive Strategy is about being different. It means deliberately choosing to perform activities differently or to perform different activities than rivals to deliver a unique mix of value ( Michael E Porter) The essence of strategy lies in creating tomorrows competitive advantages faster than competitors mimic the ones you posses today (Gary Hamel C K Prahalad) Porters four generic Competitive Strategies MS Generic Strategies: As per these strategies it is argued that to establish its competitive advantage the business needs to make two fundamental decisions which are: Whether to compete on Cost. Its competitive scope. Cost Leadership: As MS has decided to enter the market which is more competitive at price. In order to enter broad cross section of the market by introducing products and service at low price. MS wants to sustain and retain customers in European market; hence it has kept its cost as low as possible to keep low prices for the products and service. MS has to make sure that its quality or the features of the product are untouched with the efforts being at low cost. Market place is more dominated by price, as the product is same from seller to seller. Differentiation: MS will be introducing its product with differentiated feature. MS own brand such as Per Una is very popular within UK that attracts customers frmom aged 35, MS will launch its a new clothing range that will attract customers from aged 20 to 25. It will have a new clothing range with low prices to attract young customer. New Group Strategy and Structure: Based on the above analysis and research and strategic review, the board of MS announced in April 29 of 2009 significant changes to the structure group and strategy. Highlighting the new plans which will be used to retain the customers and increase the share price in the market: More focus on UK retail: Own brands will be modified and will be made more stylish to attract young group of people as well. MS will be selling more of its own brand and products exclusive to MS so that customers can be rest assure that the products are quality, value and service. Recovery plan for range of clothes: There is a huge growth in products like Home, food and Beauty. Store improvement Programme Focused customer service Closure of loss making business, Cost cutting measures and realisation of value: MS is a huge company, customer, investor and everyone has great expectation from them. Therefore MS intend to merge or close business which is making losses. MS intend to close the subsidiary in the European rather than the Irish one. Selling of brooks in king brothers market and super markets in the US as there are no suitable platform for future international expansion by MS in US. MS has opened a new store in China through franchising. MS intends to close its loss making business including a dedicated call centre with about 340 jobs in total. Cost cutting is one of the best ways to reduce the costs of goods sold by using foreign suppliers and less supplier mainly to Asia. TASK 3: Lately, MS has faced some tough competition and thats how its time for MS to come up with new market for growth. In order to analyse the market and find a new market MS has adopted the Ansoffs product market matrix. Table 4 MS The Ansoff Matrix; Growth Vector Components Products Existing New Markets Existing Market Penetration Product Development Improve service and quality Repositioning Withdrawal Expand Own Brand Labels Introduce new products Expand to non-food sector New Market Development Diversification Internationalising Globalization Expand abroad Online shopping Conglomerate Acquisitions Above Ansoff matrix suggest that MS can use this as a base to plot its expansion plan for future. In order to develop a new marketing strategy, MS carried out a market research. MS market research shows that the best way to bring new customers in their existing range would be by exploiting new markets (market development). The company when carried out the research in both primary and secondary and as a outcome, they find the opportunity to target between the ages 18-25 which also includes the students (three million) as potential customers, with a spending ratio of  £12 billion. To aim the youth (students) so that they start shopping for their early student days, MS set a new strategy. 90 universities were contacted and the company used variety of tactics to attract the students like give free gifts at freshers fair, free voucher, direct mail flyers and we banners. This would help the students to maintain their loyalty over degree course and ahead in working life. To increase the awareness about the MS value and products, the company set up a campaign. This campaign was really helpful where MS achieved business aims, including growth and a new market (students, youngsters). Trendy with less price catalogue was another step towards substantive growth. It was launched in 2009 with an aim that it benefits the company as well as the customers which offers a variety of product, free home delivery, and online service as well. To maintain this rapid growth, MS is also planning to take discounted offers internationally with opening new stores in different countries, to further expand the growth in business with a unique selling proposition. MS market research gives the result that the existing product into new markets was the best direction to take further TASK 4: In Addition, MS is to adopt a new system to manage supply. MS is introducing merchandise lifecycle software (Trade Stone Software system) which will support its global sourcing initiatives. This software will reduce the time which will take to bring new products to market, increase imports over an unspecified timeframe and expand its product selection. And with the introduction of the CPR (Customer Pulled Replenishment), MS is planning to implement on the financial strategy by reducing labour costs and stock handling. Accordingly, MS will be maintaining different levels of implementations of strategies. Following the operational strategy for MS Below is a cash flow statement for MS expansion plan in European Market with new clothing range and new product line. Above is the GAP analysis will help MS to set realistic goals and as a basis for identifying the extent to which existing strategies will fail to meet performance objectives in the future. GAP analysis will help MS to realise the requirement and effort required to fill in the GAP from where we are to where we want to go, this gap between this two questions will help MS to fill the gap with all resources that is needed. While planning the strategies MS has forecasted desired revenue/profits. It is then possible to consider how this gap may be bridged, as MS has decided to fill in the gap with expansion and launching a new clothing launch for attracting customers from 20-25 years. Expectancy Theory (Vroom) Effort hh Expectancy? Leads to Performance Instrumentality Leads to Outcome (Reward) Valence? Personal Goals After a extraordinary amount of research over the last few years it shows an increasing realisation of the customer satisfaction and customer focus in the company, MS decided to rebrand few of its stores by applying over the last few years it shows an increasing realisation of the customer satisfaction and customer focus in the company, MS decided to rebrand few of its stores by applying whole new concept design to take MS forward. With the new merchandising techniques and displays MS have found a real positive change in the customers hopping environment. Additionally, to increase the effort towards its modernised offer MS is also mulling a revamp of few of its stores. Moreover, MS also continues to fine-tune its portfolio, transferring its existing store into larger sites such as Oxford Street store, which took over a site formerly occupied by CA in 2002. In order to carry out the market surreys and research, MS is evaluating systems in their organisation. To form the budget of the company MS are opening new stores and departments. As well, the company is working on the limitations to achieve the targets. For example MS has recently evaluated a recycling technique (Plan A) through which it is generating quite a lot of money. Referencing: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8KS4gKNgLysCpg=PT29dq=G+Johnson+%26+K+Scholescd=1#v=onepageq=G%20Johnson%20%26%20K%20Scholesf=false http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Strategy (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/bcg-growth-sharemarket.php http://www.netmba.com/strategy/matrix/bcg/ http://www.examstutor.com/business/resources/companyprofiles/marksandspencer/strategyinsight.php (about ms details and information.) http://www.echeat.com/essay.php?t=29922 http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/management/market-strategy.php http://www.oxbridgewriters.com/essays/marketing/marks-spencers-corporate-objectives.php http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/ansoff-analysis.php

Americas Involvement in the Soviet Afghan War Essay -- Iran War Ameri

America's Involvement in the Soviet Afghan War The worst case scenario for the United States in the late 70s and early 80s was the threat of the Soviet invasion of Iran and subsequent control of the Saudi Oil fields. The best that could be done to counter a possible Soviet invasion would have been the deployment of parts of the 82nd Airborne Division to the Zagros Mountains of Iran, which would take at least a week with reinforcements arriving much later. This was not acceptable to the Carter Administration, which decided on another course of action - to actively support the anti-Soviet Mujahideen â€Å"freedom - fighters† in Afghanistan and help protect the Middle Eastern oil fields. This American involvement in the Soviet Afghan war has led to the emergence of Al-Qaeda and the September 11th attacks. On December 24th 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. On that day began a war which wreaked incredible havoc and destruction on Afghanistan for 10 long years. The Soviets stormed in with thousands of troops at the request of the troubled Afghan Communist regime. The Russians believed this be a neat surgical military operation. They were wrong.(Boggs) The only resistance to the Soviet invasion were men known as the "mujahideen" known to many as freedom fighters. They are multinational; some even from America, doing everything in their power to repeal the Soviet horde. The Soviet invasion frightened neighboring countries such as Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, so they unofficially allied with the United States. The U.S. provided the weaponry, training, etc., Saudi Arabia recruited the fighters (mujahideen) which were sometimes based in Pakistan. They all agreed on the need for armed resistance against the Soviets. The U.S. decided to tap the religious vein of the rebels, creating a z ealous religiously driven guerrilla organization; well armed and trained by CIA officers with the goal of returning Afghanistan to Islamic purity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Mujahideen tactics were mostly composed of ambushes for Soviet convoys. They also implemented hit and run tactics against the Soviets.(Jalali, 20) The main battles were fought for convoys. Soviet forces were dependent on convoys for various reasons. Afghanistan had undeveloped industry making no possibility to manufacture spare parts in Afghanistan. Railways were nonexistent, so everything not airlifted was brought in through ... ...Lester Grau. Afghan Guerrilla Warfare. Fort Leavenworth: Foreign Military Studies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Office, 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nyrop, Richard, and Donald Seekins. Afghanistan, a country study. Secretary of the Army, 1986. Raman, B. MUCH ADO ABOUT A MISSILE . South Asia Analysis Group. April 10 2005 . Ross, Kelley. Islam. April 26, 2005 . Silverstein , Ken . Stingers, Stingers, Who's Got the Stingers? . Global Security. April 10 2005 . Steinman, Joshua. "America must engage Osama Bin Laden."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chicago Maroon 06 Jan 2005. 03/04/05   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://maroon.uchicago.edu/viewpoints/articles/2005/01  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /06/america_must_engage_.php . T-64 Tank. FAS. Ap 27 2005 .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tamarov, Vladislav. Afghanistan: Soviet Vietnam. San Fransisco: Mercury House, 1992. Terrorism: Questions and Answers. Council on Foreign Relations. April 07, 2005   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . The Beast. Videocassette. Columbia Pictures, 1988. Tuninga, John The Umayyad Caliphate. Bartleby. Ap 23 2005 .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wolpert, Stanley. Roots of Confrontation in South Asia. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Wuthnow, Robert . Islam. Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion. Ap 23, 2005 .

Analyzing Success in the Stories of Martin Dressler and Robert Irwin Essay

When I first read Martin Dressler: The Tale of An American Dreamer, I thought it was a very inspiring book. It talked about the life of an individual whose hardwok and perseverance took him to the top of his dreams. Well, it can be inspiring in some way. Holding to your dreams and trying your best is one of the main themes of the story. However, after I finished the book, I realized that it was not as inspiring as I thought it is. For me, it is now a book that tells something about the bitter side of life and success. It exposes one of the painful things this world is trying to conceal—that success is the golden crown of an empty heart. From the story of Martin Dressler, I realized that success is not as great as what most of us think and dream of. Success is a traitor that kidnaps the people’s opportunities to be happy with the one they love. Once success has kidnapped you, it will ask for your most precious possession—your family—as its ransom. As Martin Dressler moves to the top of his ladder of success, he also moves down to the pit of his decaying family. Following his dreams was indeed an achievement for him, but it was also the same thing that leads him to a miserable family life. In my opinion, most of us share the same situation with Martin Dressler. I, myself, have also experienced to be kidnapped by success. When I started college, which I consider as one of my greatest achievements because not everyone could have the access to good education, I noticed that I was becoming too busy with my studies that I almost forgot to spend some quality time with my family. I got too blinded with the achievement that I was holding with my hand. During that time, I feared that I might lose the chance to be in college if I would not get serious with my schooling. As a result, I spent most of my time inside my room and in the library studying. Until one day, my mother asked me to have a conversation with her. From that, I learned how fast my relationship with them has changed since I went to college. I realized my mistake and from then on, I incorporated good time management to my everyday life. For me, success can never bring danger if one knows how to manage his time well. Success can never betray you if you know how to deal with it. Another thing that I noticed with the character of Martin Dressler is his great ability to make things happen. If examined, he started barely from anything. His perseverance was very admirable, especially during in his time when only the rich people could afford to put up a business like what he had. On my own opinion, though, hardwork and perseverance is not enough. One’s character is not the only thing that matters when following a dream. A person should not think that he can achieve success by relying solely on his own. He should also consider the people around him. Through building good relationships with people, one can have a better reach of his dreams. Everyone of us is a dreamer. Most of our dreams are actually an American dream. To be successful is not bad. To be on top of our achievements is not selfishness. However, I realized that if we let our dreams to be our masters, the more it is hard for us to achieve them. Our dreams are our navigator to the place where we want to be in the future. But they should never be the center of our life for we might miss the real treasure—our family. Meanwhile, another book shares almost the same things of Martin Dressler’s story—Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees, presenting the life of the American installation artist Robert Irwin. Although both characters have opposing personalities and were born in two different time frames, Martin Dressler and Robert Irwin still share the same experiences and philosophy in life. Both of their stories are a representation of a fulfilled dream—Dressler in achieving his dream of becoming a successful businessman, and Irwin in achieving his dream of finding the best field where he excels at. The two biographical writers namely Steven Millhauser and Lawrence Weschler, however, used two different approaches in portraying Dressler and Irwin. Millhauser, in his book The Tale of an American Dreamer, has included not only the beautiful and inspiring aspect of Dressler’s life but also the downside effect of the success he achieved. This was not incorporated by Weschler in presenting the life of Irwin. For me, his book simply narrates how Irwin started to have interest in the field of arts, how he became a painter, how he became inquisitive with his artistic limitations, and how he finally got his way to the field of installation art. Reading the first few pages of the book Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees, I easily got hooked into it. The first part was describing Irwin’s childhood and the people and the kind of environment that mainly influenced him. However, as I continue reading, I felt alienated in the way Weschler describing things on Irwin’s craft. Sometimes, I found myself clueless of what he was narrating. Probably it is because I have no idea at all with some of the jargons in painting and installation art. There were some words that I did not understand and required me to research about them. The book, for me, seems a little bit technical if compared to the book The Tale of an American Dreamer. Analyzing the main character’s life, though, leads me to conclude that his story is nevertheless the same as ours. In some point in our lives, we get confused on which path it is that we really will be taking. Everday, we are confronted with many choices, from the time we awake up to the time we take rest. It then makes me wonder how people make choices, specifically the right ones. What could be their criteria? In my own point of view, people make their choices by selecting the option where they would feel greater happiness or fulfillment. But depending on what kind of person you are, happiness and fulfillment is very subjective. Everyone has his own story when asked about what it is that makes him happy and fulfilled. Eventhough it is hard to agree on such an issue, I think the important thing to remember is that we fully identify and know ourselves. By knowing ourselves means knowing our needs, including our need for happiness. When we recognize this need, then I think it is easier for us to know where we can find happiness. This for me is what the book about Irwin’s life represents. He looked for his happiness by addressing his need to express his thoughts and his self. For me, the works that he did can make him feel that a portion of his self is being fulfilled. Talking about dreams, Dressler and Irwin, for me, are both portrayers of it. However, they represent dreams in two different faces: one is a dream in exchange for something, and two is a dream in search for something. It seems to me that Dressler’s American dream is crueler than Irwin’s dream. Although self- fulfilling, Dressler’s idea of success yields more on the financial aspect as compared to the psychological one that Irwin has. For me, that of Irwin’s is a degree higher than that of Dressler. As a result, both of them gained successes that are in two different aspects, too. What Dressler achieved is a financial success while Irwin attained a more personal one. Works Cited Millhauser, Steven. The Tale of an American Dreamer. New York: Vintage Books, 1997 Weschler, Lawrence. Seeing is Forgetting the Name of the Thing One Sees. USA: University of the California Press, 1982

Research about Life

The trip was known in advance only to a few and not announced to the public until the president had left Baghdad alarm space; he was accompanied by only a few select reporters and a small official entourage. The month ended with a spate of violence, much of it aimed at non-American foreigners. Seven Spanish intelligence officers died south of Baghdad Novo. 9 when their Subs were attacked by rocket- propelled grenades and a rifle fire. Separate attacks the same day also killed 2 Japanese diplomats and a Colombian OLL worker, and 2 South Korean contractors were killed in ambush Novo. 30. For all of November, guerrillas killed 104 coalition troops, Including 79 Americans. When they came under attack In Samara, Novo. 30, U. S. Forces struck back, killing 54 Iraqi fighters according to U. S. Military sources, although bodies were not recovered and Iraqi sources claimed many fewer were 1 OFFS largely Muslim nation that supported the U.S. Invasion of Iraq. On Novo. 15, 2 Truck bombs explode d outside 2 synagogues in Istanbul, killing 25 people and wounding more than 250; most had been attending Sabbath prayers. On Novo. 20, Truck bombs exploded in Istanbul, at the British consulate and Turkish headquarters of HASH bank, killing 30 and injuring 450; the British consul general, Roger Short, was among those killed. An anonymous caller attributed the bank attack to al-Qaeda and the Islamic Front of Raiders of the Great Orient, a Turkish group that had also claimed responsibility for the synagogue bombings.A car bomb that exploded Novo. 8 in a residential compound in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, claimed 17 lives and wounded more than 120. * Bush Visits Britain- Pres. Bush arrived in London Novo. 18 to begin a state visit to Britain. The next day he was welcomed by Queen Elizabeth lat Backing palace; in a speech he urged Britain to stand with the U. S. In a long term effort to defeat terrorism and bring democracy to Islamic nations of Middle East. Bush's movements were sharply rest ricted for security reasons; the usual procession trough the streets was scrubbed, and he did not address Parliament.Ata meeting between Bush and Prime Min. Tony Blair Novo. 20, the 2 deplored terrorist attacks that day in Turkey. The same day a crowd of anti Bush protesters estimated by authorities at 100,000 to 110,000 marched through London streets. President of Georgia Resigns – Pres. Eduardo Spearheaded resigned his office Novo. 23, after mass protest in Georgia. On Novo. 20, the Central Election Commission had certified that his supporters won the parliamentary election of Novo. 2, but international observers had reported instances of fraud, On Novo. 2, protestors had broken into Parliament, forcing Spearheaded, the last foreign minister of Soviet Union, to flee. His decade-long rule had been marked to ward the end by national economic collapse and charges of official corruption. General U. S. Episcopal church consecrates Gay Bishop- The Rev. V. Gene Robinsons consecrat ed Novo. 2 as bishop of New Hampshire, becoming the first openly gay prelatic The Episcopal Church U. S. A. The consecration went forward despite warnings from Anglican primates in Africa, Asia, and Latin Americana it could cause a schism in church.Rowan Williams, the archbishop of Canterbury, issued a statement Novo. 2 that recognized the right of the American branch to choose its bishops, but expressed regret that the concerns of other church leaders had not been given consideration. On Novo. 3, Anglican leaders in Africa declared that they were in State of â€Å"impaired communion† with the U. S. Episcopalian. Man admits killing 48 women in†Green River† case- Gary Ridgeway, a resident of a Seattle â€Å"(WA) suburb pleaded guilty Novo. 5 to killing 48 young women, most of them prostitutes or runaways.Since the sass authorities had been seeking the so-called Green River Killer, who had strangled the women after having sex with them and left many of their bodies near the river. Ridgeway confessed the crime in an agreement with prosecutors that spared him the death penalty; no other serial murderer in U. S. History had been convicted of so many killings. On DCE. 8, Ridgeway was sentenced to 48 consecutive life terms. 2002 DC Sniper Convicted – A Virginia Beach (VA) Jury Novo. 17 found John Muhammad guilty in sniper attacks that plagued the Washington, DC, accomplice, Lee Mallow, currently on trial separately.He was convicted of 2 counts of capital murder, one for committing multiple murders over 3 years and one for killing Dean Meyers in Cot. 2002 to further a terrorist scheme aimed at extorting $10 mil. Muhammad was also found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and illegal use of a firearm. Prosecutors relied on strong circumstantial evidence, including a rifle mound in his car that ballistics tests showed had been used in 13 shootings. The Jury Novo. 24 recommended a death sentence, which was imposed by the Judge Mar. 9,2004. Mi chael Jackson Arrested for Child Abuse- law enforcement officials in Santa Barbara, CA, Novo. 9 issued an arrest warrant for singer Michael Jackson on multiple counts of child molestation. They said that the pop star would be charged with â€Å"lewd and lascivious conduct† with a child under age 14. Allegations a decade earlier that he had molested a 13-year- old boy had been resolved out of court with a multimillion-dollar settlement. Jackson was booked at the Santa Barbara County Jail, Novo. 20, and released on $3 mil bail; he was formally charged DCE. 18. Jackson rejected the charge as unfounded. DECEMBER 2003 NATIONAL Bush Lifts Tarries on Steel Imports- Pres. George. W. Bush reversed one of his state policies DCE. When he lifted tarries on sport imported steel, effective DCE. 5. His administration had imposed the tarries in March 2002, and they were scheduled to be in effect for 3 years. However, the World Trade Organization Novo. 10 had upheld an earlier ruling declarin g the tariffs illegal, and the European Union and a number f countries had threatened to retaliate against them. South Dakota Congressman Resigns After Conviction- Rep. William Jackson (RED), a former governor of the state, was convicted DCE. 8 of 2nd-degree manslaughter and other charges, and announced he would resign from Congress in January.In August, Sandlots car had struck and killed a motorcyclist. Gore Endorses Dean for democratic nomination – Former Vice Pres. AH Gore DCE. 9 endorsed Howard Dean for a Democratic presidential nomination. Gore, the party's presidential nominee in 2000, passed over another candidate, Seen . Joe Lieberman (CT), his 2000 running mate, and was redirected by some specially for having failed to notify Lieberman of his decision before it was made public. In DCE. 9 speeches in New York and Iowa, Gore praised Dean for being the only leading Democratic contender who had consistently opposed the Iraq war.The 9 Democrats seeking the nomination deba ted that day in Durham, NH. On DCE. 14, Lieberman remarked, â€Å"If Howard Dean had his way, Sad Hussein would be in power today, not in prison. † On DCE. 15, Dean asserted,†The capture of Sad Hussein has not made America safer. † On DCE. 23, consumer advocate Ralph Ender, the Green Party presidential nominee in 1996 and 2000, said e would not seek the party's nomination for 2004. Democrats elected in San Francisco, Houston- In a nonpartisan election, businessman Gavin Newswomen, a Democrat, won a runoff election for mayor of San Francisco DCE. , defeating Green Party member Matt Gonzalez, 53% to 47%; this was the best showing yet by a green in a U. S. Biscuit mayoral election. Newswomen was to succeed outgoing Mayor Wily Democrat and a former U. S. Deputy energy secretary, won with 62% of the vote, defeating Cuban-born Ronald Sanchez, a Republican. Supreme Court Upholds Campaign Finance Law- A 5-4 majority on the U. S. Supreme Court, DCE. 10, upheld the 2002 cam paign-finance law as a constitutional approach to combating spending abuses in a political process.The 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act had been challenged on first-amendment grounds by a number of desperate organizations; they objected to the ban on unlimited â€Å"soft money' contributions to the political parties and to a ban on certain advertising Just prior to elections. California Governor Declares Fiscal Crisis- Gob. Arnold Schwarzenegger (R,CA) DCE. 18 declared that his state was in a fiscal crisis. This proclamation would allow him, he said, to cut pending by $1 50 mil without having to get the legislature's approval.Californians bond ratings had been reduced to near Junk-bond levels, and a state deficit of $15 bill was projected for 2004. Terror alert in U. S. Is Raised to ‘High'- Tom Ridge, secretary of homeland security, announced DCE. 21 that the U. S. Antiterrorism alert status was being raised to â€Å"high† (orange) from â€Å"elevated† (yello w). Ridge said that the danger of a terrorist attack was â€Å"perhaps greater now than at any point since Swept. 11, 2001 . † He cited unspecific new intelligence information that suggested plans to strike during the holiday season. On DCE. 24, Air France, responding Tao U.S. Request, canceled 6 flights between Paris and Los Angles; U. S. Officials reportedly suspected that the passengers on the flights could have links to terrorism. On the same day the FBI circulated a warning to law enforcement organizations to be on the watch for almanacs, since they could be used by terrorist â€Å"to assist with target selection and pre-operational planning. † Some media reports noted the warning humorously, since these general reference works, official the largest * selling is The World Almanac and Book of Facts, are read by millions of people each year. On DCE. 9, the Department of Homeland Security announced a Rule requiring armed air marshals on certain foreign carriers' flig hts entering U. S airspace that intelligence suggested were at special risk of terrorist attack. When a British Airways plane landed at Dulles International Airport outside Washington, DC, DCE. 31, authorities held the passengers, interviewing some, and rescanned the luggage. U. S. Bans Use of Weight Reduction Pill- the Bush administration DCE. 30 said it would prohibit use of Phaedra, a herbal supplement used by millions of Americans to lose weight or to improve athletic performance.Tommy Thompson, secretary of Health and Human services, said the supplement â€Å"was too risky to be used. † Phaedra had been linked to heart attacks, stokes, and sudden deaths. In February 2003, Steve Bechtel, a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles, died after taking Phaedra tablets, and a medical examiner said that the supplement was a factor in his death. Special Council to Investigate Leak of Agent's Name- Tatty. Gene. John Ashcroft DCE. 30 removed himself from any role in the investigation int o the leaking of a CIA name Tao journalist.At issue was whether anyone in the Bush administration had violated the awe by revealing the name of the agent, Valerie Blame, to columnist Robert Novak, who published her name in July. The Justice dept. Said DCE. 30 that a special council would head the investigation. Blame was the wife of Joseph Wilson, a former U. S. Ambassador who had publicly cast doubt on an administration assertion of nuclear for 3 years in a row, investors had much to cheer about DCE. 31, as major stock indexes showed large gains for 2003. The DOD Jones industries average has risen 25%to 10,453. 92.A broader measure, Standard and Poor's 500-stock index, posted a 26%gain, moving up to 1. 92. The tech-Agave NASDAQ index advanced 50%, to 2003. 37. Averages were still below their all-time highs of the late sass, however.. Forces Strike Back in Iraq- U. S. Forces continued the tactic of launching massive raids targeting insurgents resisting the occupation. On DCE. 2, 1,0 00 troops raided Hajji, west of Kirk, in an effort to capture an aide to former Pres. Sad Hussein. Ata meeting in Iraq DCE. 6 with U. S. Sec. OF Defense Donald Remorseful, Lit. Gene. Richard Sanchez said that attacks on U. S. Ores were running below 20 a day, half the rate of a few weeks earlier. Remorseful Visits Afghanistan- Amid reports of a growing number of attacks on u. S forces in Afghanistan

Chiropractor essays

Chiropractor essays Yes, you read the headline correctly. Chiropractors don't cure anything; not headaches, not asthma, not stomach disorders or even back pain. Then what does a chiropractor do? Chiropractic is based on very basic scientific fact. Your brain is responsible for every bodily function you ever perform from before you were born until the time you die. Your brain sends those instructions through a vast telephone network (known as the nervous system) to every cell, tissue and organ in your body. If those telephone lines are interfered with in any way, those instructions coming from the brain get distorted and the result is lost function. (Think of Christopher Reeve to help with this concept, he damaged his telephone lines and as a result has very little function in his body.) Your spine is designed to protect the telephone lines. If the spine has been injured (even very slightly) it can become a major irritant to the nerve system, this is what chiropractors call a subluxation. How serious is this problem? Vertebral subluxation changes the entire health of the body by causing structural dysfunction of the spine and causing nerve interference. The weight of a quarter on a spinal nerve will reduce nerve impulse transmission by as much as 60%. WOW! Chang H. Suh, Spinal Biomechanics Specialist, University of Colorado Nerve dysfunction is stressful to the visceral nerve and other body structures and the lowered tissue resistance modifies the immune response and lessens the overall capability of the immune system. -the journal Science, 1981 WHO NEEDS THAT? The quality of healing is directly proportional to the functional capability of the nerve system to send and receive nerve messages. -J Edwards, MD, PhD., BET YOU DIDN'T KNOW THAT! Knowing how important the role of the nerve system is, it should become clear how vital the job of the ...

Argumentative Essay Example Should High School Be Mandatory

Argumentative Essay Example Should High School Be Mandatory High school students are facing the whole new world of education. Is it worth getting? When you’re in high school, it’s challenging enough to plan for the next week, let alone the next 10, 15, 25 years. But if a high school student had the foresight to look ahead that far in the future, and even further down the road, they would undoubtedly see the importance of having a high school education. Rather than leaving it up to the near-sighted adolescent to decide, a law should be enacted mandating that all American residents and citizens complete a high school education. After all, it’s free to the public (or paid for with taxes) kindergarten to the 12th grade. And it’s probable that most people who drop out before graduating from high school tend to lead lives of struggle, financial hardship, and criminal troubles, too. HIGH SCHOOL YEARS ARE THE MOST MEMORABLE ONES To begin with, a high school diploma should be the standard in America, because a solid high school education lays a solid foundation for the rest of a person’s life. In high school, as well as the years leading up to high school, a student learns the basics, of course – reading, writing, and arithmetic – but also how to do many other skills that will serve them well as working adults. The school prepares a person to be a responsible, resourceful adult. In school, whether a student realizes it at the time, they are developing quite valuable skills and learning important information. When a person finishes high school, they can do just about anything an adult person needs to do to survive and live a good life – read road maps and plan a trip; understand contracts and agreements, as well as read directions on how to assemble something; balance a checkbook, research how to solve a problem. A high school education is imperative for everyone looking to survive adulthood. Ultimately life is disease, death and oblivion. Its still better than high school. Dan Savage Secondly, a high school education provides a person with the knowledge and fundamental skills needed to get a job as an adult; therefore, it should be made mandatory. To survive in America as an adult, one needs a decent-paying job – and to get a job that pays even the minimum wage, a person generally needs a high school diploma. Take, for example, a gas-station attendant. They work with money most of the day, so they must have a strong foundation in math – a skill taught in school from the very beginning, up until the more-advanced math courses in high school, such as algebra and statistics. Even gas-station attendants are generally required to have some basic knowledge of technology to work the money machines. Nowadays, students begin working on computers from a very early age, in elementary school, and they’re taught more advanced computing skills in high school. Also, attendants each day must communicate information to customers and supervisors alike. Communi cation skills are created and developed through one’s schooling, through writing papers, engaging in discussions, reading, researching and conversing. Without a high school education, a person lacks the necessary skills to be successful as an adult. Thirdly,  a high school education should be mandatory for all Americans for another important reason: the entire point of education is to establish the intellectual foundations needed to be self-educated. In other words, when a person graduates from high school, they possess the intellectual and  informational resourcefulness one needs to teach him or herself just about anything. Naturally, there are tons of people with just a high school education who have gone on to become very successful individuals in just about various fields and industries. Due to their educational foundation, however, they are self-learners capable of mastering any task and challenge they face as adults. FRATERNITY VIOLENCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION To conclude, there should be a law that makes a high school education mandatory for all Americans; that is, a person should be penalized for not finishing high school and getting their diploma. A lack of education hinders an individual, which hurts the economy in the long run – which in turn hinders a country from moving forward and flourishing. It gets left behind. One may go as far to argue how Americans should be legally required to have some sort of post-high school education – whether a college degree or at the very least some sort of specialty education, an apprenticeship, if one prefers the less-academic route. Either way, a high school education is necessary for anyone required to work for a living. It’s imperative for success.

Adoption Essays - Family Law, Family, Human Development, Free Essays

Adoption Adopting a child is an experience that promises to bring great joy as it changes a couple or individual?s life forever. But what happens if the mother of that child wants to endorse their child? Those are the issues that many adopting parents and birth-right mothers are facing today. Many biological mothers want their child back. There are many concerns for adopting parents to know- that there is the possibly that the birth mother may file for the child. As a birth mother or the adopting parent one must realize consequences that could lay ahead. The legal and social transfer of all parental right, responsibilities, and roles from one parent or parents, usually biological, to a nonbiological parent or parents is the definition of adoption. In such a transfer, adoptive parents accept the same rights and responsibilities as the child?s birth parents would have had, while the child becomes a member of a family that provides the social, emotional, and physical nurturing that children needs to grow up to be healthy, functioning adults. But there are some legal issues or opinions that can lead to a halting backfire in the adoption process. But, as the biological parent(s) and adopting parent(s), they must be ready for the quickly, approaching pros and cons. Throughout the adoption journey, the gardein must be prepared and know what is best for them and their child. There are many positive feedbacks to adoption. Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child. Birth parents may feel they cannot take on the responsibility of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide proper care. They do not feel ready or able to be good parents. Most adopting parents, although, feel confident that most birth-right mothers will not seize their child back. Chris Intagliata, a mother of two adopted children advises that ? It [is] important to ask yourself what you can handle. If you feel you can handle everything, that?s a good attitude.? Those are important notions adopting parents must do. Most of the time adopting parents can handle the task but some times it backfires when the biological mother or c ouple want the baby back. Statistics show that the vast majority of independent adoptions in California are completed without a hitch; less that 2 percent are even contested. But when an adoption is contested, the anguish felt by both the adoptive and birth parents is unimaginable. Linda Ribordy, a family specialist who represented a birth mother in a legal case says that ?if a birth mother changes her mind, it?s automatic that they get the baby back.? But the adopting parents feel furiously and emotionally different. ?We have no legal status, no legal rights, none,? says Inger Bischofberger. ?But he calls me Mama. The only thing that keeps me going is that I can?t turn my back on him, I can?t just walk away from him because all the grownups in his life have messed up.? Birth mothers shouldn?t gain their child back if they are not financially ready. Usually greed and emotions will stand in there way and they will want their child back. But many children as they grow older question, asking - ?Why me or ?Why did my mom put me up for adoption Sometimes the biological mother might fell that her child will hate her as he/she grows older and never visit her. The birth mother should really think about adoption seriously before putting the child up or before trying to regain their child back. The process is both financially and emotionally critical. The lesson learned in the issue of adoption is not to have a child. Whether it is premarital sex, age, or financial or emotional problems- one must be prepared for the consequences ahead.

Sexual harrassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sexual harrassment - Essay Example The victim-blaming, the apathy, the indifference, and sometimes contempt and hostility women face from police, from family members, from teachers, from hospital personnel, and from judges and juries are informed by women's social identities, locations, and histories. The mostly negative responses to women who experience violence are often as hurtful as the incidents because they reinforce the messages that women are to blame, that women deserve to be abused, that women accept oppression, and that women are unworthy of social justice. Sexual harassment is defined as "unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature" (Dobrich 2002, p. 4). It is common for female employees to be subjected to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Although not illegal per se, such behavior is illegal when it is used by managers and supervisors to decide whether to hire or fire someone; when it is used to determine pay, promotion, or job assignment; and when it creates a hostile, or offensive work environment. "Examples of verbal harassment could include sexual comments, suggestions, jokes, or innuendos; nonverbal harassment could include suggestive looks, leering, or ogling; and physical harassment could include accidentally brushing against someone's body, 'friendly' pats, squeezes or pinches, and forced exual relations" ( Webb, 1981, p. 5 cited Howard 2007, p. 7). In the last thirty years, the feminist struggle to end sexual harassment against women has sought to creat e language to describe, to protest, and to transform the conditions of our lives. Activists created and redefined terms such as "battered woman, " "wife battering, " and "sexual harassment, " among others, to clarify the social and political ramifications of interpersonal/institutional violence against women. Yet this language often gets incorporated into a social landscape that pathologizes women rather than critically analyzes the social underpinnings of the violence. As bell hooks says of the term "battered woman" (Vivian and Pharm 1998). Signs of sexual Harassment Sexual harassment involves the victimization, the isolation, the lack of support, the pain of betrayal, or the despair of battery and rape in women's lives. Women continue to live in communities where intimate, intragroup abuse and violence are not recognized and it's necessary to describe their painful realities. If we are in denial of the ways in which we have been victimized, then personal change and social transformation are impossible. Speaking out about the harm done and labeling the experiences as battering, rape, incestuous assault, and/or attempted murder are essential components of healing, recovery, self-determination and social change (Howard 2007). However, identifying women who've experienced abuse as only or predominantly victims and survivors of abuse, violence, battering, and rape eventually reinforces our status as victims by reducing us to what someone else did to us. When we only describe the individual damage to each other and when we solely seek validation and s upport for the individual pain endured, it can lead to depression and despair (MacKinnon 2003).

Affect Of Attitudes To Risk On Decision Outcomes Essay

Affect Of Attitudes To Risk On Decision Outcomes - Essay Example Individuals tend to take bigger risks if they have a big amount of wealth in their portfolio. Normally, where there is a high risk in an investment, it is probable that the payoff tends to be bigger, and where the risk is small, the payoffs tend to be smaller. Due to this reasons, individuals with massive wealth in their portfolio tend to be riskier so as to maximize their payoff. This type of individuals mostly is driven by their ambition to acquire more wealth in the future. Thus, they take a bigger risk in their investments because even if they lose out because of an unsuspected market condition, their wealth always cautions them and thus they have little to fear.Another individual factor that impacts the attitude on risk on the decision outcomes is the knowledge from the market that mostly is bought from the consulting and experts firms in the market. These firms gather, analyze and predict the future market condition and thus they can advise managers on the riskiness when undert aking certain projects and investments. Knowledge from the experts helps individuals to make informed and proper decisions that have a positive impact on the expected outcomes. Although the perfect information is costly, it saves a great deal as opposed to having no information at all. When one has the knowledge, he or she has power, and it is only right that he uses it for the betterment of his decisions and judgment.Another individual factor that affects the risk attitudes on decision outcomes is the earlier periods' outcomes.

Task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Task 2 - Essay Example Decision making is often seen as the central job of the managers who decides what is to be done, who has to do it, where, when and how it is to be done. Decision making is regarded to the first step in the planning even when it is done quickly by taking a little time to decide and also influences an action just for a minute (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). There are various theories related to philosophical, mathematical and economic sources. This study highlights on the various theories of decision making. The Classical Model The classical decision theory is straightforward. It assumes that there is only one best solution to the problem; the decision maker needs to identify it, select it and then finally implement it. According the following sequential steps has been designed. Step 1: Identification of the problem The actual and the desired outcome should be determined and then any type of disparity existing between the two should be identified. Step 2: Diagnose the problem The informat ion should be collected and should be analysed properly in order to gain a clear explanation of the nature of the problem. Step 3: Define the alternatives After understanding the nature of the problem the potential options to the solution of the problems must be developed. Step 4: Examine the consequences The probable consequences of all the potential alternatives should be examined rigorously. Step 5: Make the decision The best amongst the potential alternatives must be chosen. While choosing the best alternative one should see that the objective and the goals are maximised. Step 6: Do it The decision must be implemented. The classical model leads to the optimization of strategy. This approach stands on the classical economic theory that is based on the assumptions of apparent goal, full information and cognitive ability to deeply analyse the problem. However practical problems exists that follows this perspective. Decision makers are human beings who have emotions, feelings and a variety of interests. Compromise and diversity are the stuffs that are their everyday requirement. One objective may be favoured over the other but no one allows one single goal that is an unrealistic one dimensionality to dominate in the working life (Hoy and Miskel, 1991). The notion that the organizational goals are simple and clear is oversimplification. Goals of the organization are often conflicting and complex. The problem of improbability is essential for the organization. Dealing with the problem of improbability has now become a common agenda in the organization share (Mintzberg, 1983). However there is no such common criterion for dealing with the improbability in the decision making (Thompson, 1967). It is virtually not possible to select the best alternative when the consequences are not known. Improbability makes optimizing an impractical choice. The unnecessary demand for human cognition that cannot be met is another problem with the optimizing strategy. Neither any o rganization nor any person is capable and smart such that they can conduct maximum utilization of anything. Even the modern computers are incapable to achieve this feat. For instance the computers are incapable of handling the huge quantity of information that is required to choose the simplified move in the game of chess (Feldman and Kanter, 1965; Hoy and Miskel, 19

Week 1 discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 1 discussion - Assignment Example One of the modern day’s innovations is a laptop. It is a portable computer, which has the capability of storing power for usage. It satisfies the innovative characteristic of novelty to the market arena (Shehabuddeen, 2007). Kocarey (2012) depicts that laptops are new products of the twentieth century, and constantly, new features are introduced in their design, an example is a webcam device (p.26). It is an example of a continuous evolutionary innovation. Bicycles are other examples of innovative products. Bicycle is a movable device, with two wheels, joined together by a straight metallic object, and navigated by use of a steering. There are many designs of bicycle products, and examples include mountain bikes, and utility bicycles. It is an example of a continuous evolutionary innovation. Its pace of innovation is high due to market competitions, and emerging needs. Photocopiers are an example of a revolutionary innovation. This is a machine that uses xerography or inkjet technology to produce copies of images (Deller et al, 2003). This kind of innovation satisfies the concept of market strategy as a characteristic of an innovation. This innovation amounts to risk taking since it introduces new technology into the market. Television set is an example of a continuous evolutionary innovation. A television set is electronic equipment that has devices such as a turner, speaker and a screen, for purposes of displaying a picture and a message (Deller et al, 2003). Over time, television sets have evolved from analogue to digital systems. One of the characteristics it displays is the intensity of the idea in place. The idea in place is a game changer, since digital productions are complex in nature, ensuring the production of high quality images. Mobile handsets are other examples of an innovation. This is an example of a continuous evolutionary innovation, and they emanate

Week 10 discussion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 10 discussion paper - Essay Example SMEs in relatively homogeneous, more rural communities will not find it relevant at all, compared to the larger businesses in urban centers with a more diverse population (Pegues, 2009). Therefore, I would say my perspective has indeed shifted but my opinion is qualified. If anything, the course has made me aware of the intricacies of D&I as it is defined in the American context, not only as a potential source of competitive advantage, but as a disadvantage in certain cultures and environments. In an increasing number of cases, diversity and inclusion are non-issues, not because underrepresented minorities are not welcome, but simply because people of different backgrounds are not tagged as â€Å"minorities†. Persons who are most capable for the job are hired whatever their racial, cultural, religious, gender, or other affiliations, but are not identified or symbolized as such. That, I think, is the eventual aim of all D&I efforts, that the economic and political disadvantages that are historically perpetuated against some social groups would eventually disappear. Then diversity and inclusion will be a non-issue and will render itself irrelevant. To a certain extent, I had found the book â€Å"Trailblazers† useful and enlightening, because it focused attention on the application of diversity and inclusion in specific aspects of a business. Quite fittingly, the early chapters dealt with the importance of CEO and upper mangement involvement in D&I, rather than just relegating diversity programs to a vague function in HR. From the beginning, emphasis was given to leadership commitment. Any other aspect may fall short of D&I requirements, but with the support and mandate given by the CEO and the Chief Diversity Officer, all other shortcomings may be compensated. Succeeding chapters underscored the necessity for the twin frameworks,

Task 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Task 2 - Essay Example Decision making is often seen as the central job of the managers who decides what is to be done, who has to do it, where, when and how it is to be done. Decision making is regarded to the first step in the planning even when it is done quickly by taking a little time to decide and also influences an action just for a minute (Koontz and Weihrich, 2006). There are various theories related to philosophical, mathematical and economic sources. This study highlights on the various theories of decision making. The Classical Model The classical decision theory is straightforward. It assumes that there is only one best solution to the problem; the decision maker needs to identify it, select it and then finally implement it. According the following sequential steps has been designed. Step 1: Identification of the problem The actual and the desired outcome should be determined and then any type of disparity existing between the two should be identified. Step 2: Diagnose the problem The informat ion should be collected and should be analysed properly in order to gain a clear explanation of the nature of the problem. Step 3: Define the alternatives After understanding the nature of the problem the potential options to the solution of the problems must be developed. Step 4: Examine the consequences The probable consequences of all the potential alternatives should be examined rigorously. Step 5: Make the decision The best amongst the potential alternatives must be chosen. While choosing the best alternative one should see that the objective and the goals are maximised. Step 6: Do it The decision must be implemented. The classical model leads to the optimization of strategy. This approach stands on the classical economic theory that is based on the assumptions of apparent goal, full information and cognitive ability to deeply analyse the problem. However practical problems exists that follows this perspective. Decision makers are human beings who have emotions, feelings and a variety of interests. Compromise and diversity are the stuffs that are their everyday requirement. One objective may be favoured over the other but no one allows one single goal that is an unrealistic one dimensionality to dominate in the working life (Hoy and Miskel, 1991). The notion that the organizational goals are simple and clear is oversimplification. Goals of the organization are often conflicting and complex. The problem of improbability is essential for the organization. Dealing with the problem of improbability has now become a common agenda in the organization share (Mintzberg, 1983). However there is no such common criterion for dealing with the improbability in the decision making (Thompson, 1967). It is virtually not possible to select the best alternative when the consequences are not known. Improbability makes optimizing an impractical choice. The unnecessary demand for human cognition that cannot be met is another problem with the optimizing strategy. Neither any o rganization nor any person is capable and smart such that they can conduct maximum utilization of anything. Even the modern computers are incapable to achieve this feat. For instance the computers are incapable of handling the huge quantity of information that is required to choose the simplified move in the game of chess (Feldman and Kanter, 1965; Hoy and Miskel, 19

Week 10 discussion paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 10 discussion paper - Essay Example SMEs in relatively homogeneous, more rural communities will not find it relevant at all, compared to the larger businesses in urban centers with a more diverse population (Pegues, 2009). Therefore, I would say my perspective has indeed shifted but my opinion is qualified. If anything, the course has made me aware of the intricacies of D&I as it is defined in the American context, not only as a potential source of competitive advantage, but as a disadvantage in certain cultures and environments. In an increasing number of cases, diversity and inclusion are non-issues, not because underrepresented minorities are not welcome, but simply because people of different backgrounds are not tagged as â€Å"minorities†. Persons who are most capable for the job are hired whatever their racial, cultural, religious, gender, or other affiliations, but are not identified or symbolized as such. That, I think, is the eventual aim of all D&I efforts, that the economic and political disadvantages that are historically perpetuated against some social groups would eventually disappear. Then diversity and inclusion will be a non-issue and will render itself irrelevant. To a certain extent, I had found the book â€Å"Trailblazers† useful and enlightening, because it focused attention on the application of diversity and inclusion in specific aspects of a business. Quite fittingly, the early chapters dealt with the importance of CEO and upper mangement involvement in D&I, rather than just relegating diversity programs to a vague function in HR. From the beginning, emphasis was given to leadership commitment. Any other aspect may fall short of D&I requirements, but with the support and mandate given by the CEO and the Chief Diversity Officer, all other shortcomings may be compensated. Succeeding chapters underscored the necessity for the twin frameworks,

Real Learning Takes Place Through Experiance Essay Example for Free

Real Learning Takes Place Through Experiance Essay â€Å"Not all learning takes place in the classroom. All knowledge should not obtain from class because subject only taught by a teacher. But some lessons, which are pertaining to life, only will demonstrate by personal experiences. Every person should be learning more from real life than class room. I think real life is the best example for learning and obtaining knowledge. This is supported by various reasons. Learning takes place not only in the classroom but also in our everyday lives. This is because to learn does not mean just to gain academic knowledge. Rather, learning refers to acquisition of any kind of knowledge that can give us instructions on how we should behave. Information that we get in the classroom is, without any doubt, useful and proven and it can broaden our mind. However, school years are relatively short in terms of a life span, and, therefore, there are a lot more things that can be attained outside classroom and that are equally valuable. First of all, Personal experience is essential for obtaining indelible knowledge. For instance, in an early age the teacher would teach about animals. Is it gives sufficient knowledge for children? No, it does not. When teachers will take them in to the zoo and explain about those animals, they never forget that information. This is one type of personal experience. Which knowledge have gotten by personal experience, it will be never loss. Second, the relationship among the people as well as friendship values is not taught by teachers in the classroom. Those relationships have known only by personal experience. Further, the young age person do not realise about money value. The same person should know about money value while he starts earning of money. Finally, sometimes a new technology and new things were discovered by personal experience but not classroom knowledge. For instance, today’s popular phone was discovered by Alexander graham bell. It was discovered by accidently but not part of an educational research. Today, various popular technologies and things also discovered from their real life. In conclusion, the illiterate persons also can maintain different business successfully using their personal life experience. Unfortunately, an erudite people also will fail in business because lake of experience. So I strongly believe that â€Å"Not all learning takes place in the classroom. Because, if we have only classroom knowledge; today, we do not have any TV, computers, and other technologies. We surely obtain more knowledge from personal life than classroom knowledge.

Important Design Principles In Animation Film Studies Essay

Important Design Principles In Animation Film Studies Essay Animations are sort of popular films in the world, due to its visual effect, appealing stories and grace graphic arts, (Compton 1997). Classical animations (2D animation) have stayed relatively the same for 80 years (Jones Oliff 2006). The tools animators used to use to produce an animated film was pen-and-paper medium. However, during the past 10 years, animated films have been through some major changes because technologies of computer generate (CG) animation has created and improved rapidly (Jones Oliff 2006). Jones and Oliff (2006) also mentioned that due to development of CG tools, the important principles of design in the construction of an animated film have significantly changed. Although most animators and animated film industries abandoned the hand-drawn traditional animations and has produced animations by CG, especially after some successful popular animated films such as Sherk 2001 and Toy Story 1995, a few famous master animators, like Andreas Deja who is known becaus e he drew the main characters in Hercules and Who Framed Roger Rabbit still prefer to draw animation by traditional tools (Corliss 2005). This essay will look at the principles of design in the construction of both traditional 2D animation and 3D computer animation. It also will compare 2D and 3D animation and examine the current tend which is to apply 2D traditional animation to 3D computer animation. Three main construction principles of animation design are looked in this essay. First, before shooting animation, there are significant tasks which should be done first. For example, the principles of creating an animated story those audiences enjoy watching, and building up the personalities of animated characters. Besides, designed storyboard is essential for preparation of animations. Next main principle of animation design construction is shooting animation. Principles of shooting traditional 2D animation and 3D computer animation are examined and several differences and similarities between them will be analyzed. First instance is processes of drawing or designing the scenes of an animation both traditional 2D anim ation and 3D computer animation. Next, principles of action of animation, such as straight head action, pose-to-pose action, will be mentioned as well in this stage. In the end of this section, to analyse two main functions of 3D computer animation, squash and stretch and timing and motion, could make traditional animated film more realistic and entertaining. The final stage covers the principles of post production of animated films. The purposes of these tasks after shooting animations are in order to accomplish animations completely and perfectly, such as technologies of overlapping, editing, sound, music and voices. This essay examines the principles of design in the construction of both traditional 2D animation and 3D computer animation from the beginning to the completion of animation. Fundamentals of characters and storyline, target audience and message of film, planning in the design stage Principles of creating an animated story that audience enjoy watching The first step in making animated movies, a group of artists, writers, script writers, directors, computer graphic specialists and producers come together to brainstorm a group of ideas which bring out ideas of characters that match storylines. Most storylines and characters come from books and magazines, or a screen writer/writer creates a character and storyline. However before this happens many simple questions have to be asked for example who is going to be the audience, does the storyline match the audience, what is the story line convoying to the audience, does the character match the storyline and are the characters suitable to convoy a peculiar type of message (How to make an animated Movie, n.d.). Next, the most value of a film is expressing education, when animated stories are chosen, the meaning the stories would express through animation should be considered. Finally when a animated storyline is fully scrutinized by the film development team, by making pilot animated movi e, this is scrutinized by the directors, producers and finally a test audience which is interviewed after the pilot movie to see their reaction, and does it convoy the storyline (Harper 2000). Build up the personalities of animated characters After the storyline is decided, the next step of making an animated movie is the design of the characters. They have got the most important role and they are going to carry the message/story of the movie. This is done by giving the animated characters personalities that is conveyed in the story outline which is one of the key factors that makes a successful animated movie (Savoye and Meyer 2008). Storyboard the preparation for an animation Differences in preparation between traditional animation and 3D computer animation There is an important principle in the preparation for an animation. In any form of an animated movie/scene, a storyboard is made. This is an outline of the animated movie/scene. A storyboard describes the scenes of an animated (movie/scene/story) which includes images and works made by artists, screenwriters, computer animation specialists, producers and story writers. This is done by using artist sketches which is known as a story sketch. In the time before computers, drawings were made to make a scene usually. They had to make 26 drawing for one second of film, each drawing was called a story sketch (Blair 1994). A story board is made that includes the characters/scenes that are going to convey the message/story about the movie. After the first storyboard is drawn, there are regular meetings between the storyboard artists and director (Blair 1994). This is to make sure that the movie is keeping to the story line of the movie; however many discussions and meetings are held to redraw or re-board until the right message is conveyed to the audience(Blair 1994); however with modern technology and the advancement of computer graphics the use of computer animation has allowed animated movies to be easily edited that brings a lot of cost savings and reduce the amount of time is made an animated movie discuss how to redraw or re-board until the final storyboard comes out. Unlike a 2D traditional animation, storyboard artists of 3D computer animation use computer with animation software to create the storyboard. The result is that using computers to redraw or change the storyboard not only reduces more time of meetings and discussion, but also saves money. Important principles of shooting traditional 2D animation and 3D computer animation Drawing or designing the scenes of an animation 1. Traditional 2D Animation Process In the days before there was computers, animation was all done by hand. This was done by creating a series of drawn images. This is what is known as cel animation (Harper 2000). However before an animated movie or cartoon story is created a story board must be made. This gives a visual outline of the animation to be made, from the story board, that gives animators and writers ideas how to synchronize drawing and how to follow the story line which can also include soundtrack music. However, a storyboard is only a rough outline and it is only used as a guide and to test themes, layout and composition for the animation and also decide on the script and edit scenes before large scale production of the animation. The next step of the animation process is the design and timing that is where the characters are decided and refined to the scene, also at this time the sequences of events that are going to take place, and for example the scene angles and character positions are decided. The next stage of the animation process is the production of the animations that is where individual pictures are drawn frame by frame, which is usually done by hand and animators are assigned to individual characters, and artists will design and draw the background of each scene. After this process another one occurs where each frame is placed onto a clear film known as a cel, which the pictures are colored and then photographed for the final animated product and also voice, music and sound are added to the animated scene. 3D computer animation Computer animation follows the same format by filming a sequence of painted cels then using layers, keyframes, and tweening techniques (Harper 2000). The main difference between a 2D and a 3D animation is a 3D animation is made by computer and software, such as Dreamweaver, which is an animated design tool which animators can animate elements of pages with graphical interface (Harper 2000). For example, users design half of the characters face then use Dreamweaver to duplicate it to complete the face. Next, the animated characters are made more real and perfect by computer-generate (CG) because every movement and detail in 3D animation is analyzed and calculated accurately by the system of animation software. B. Principles of action of animation In the early days of film animation, Walt Disney Studios was the first Studio to attract large audiences to their animated films with the like of Snow White (1937), and Pinocchio (1940), this transform animated movies from a novelty form into animated movies being a art form. Walt Disney studios does this by defining twelve principles in animation that makes film animation characters more lifelike and able to catch the attention of the audiences (Lasseter 1987). Lasseter (1987) and Thomas Johnston (1981) pointed the following principles of action of animation which are squash and stretch: shape distortion to accentuate movement, anticipation: leading audiences, staging: the camera view point to show the best action. Straight-ahead and pose to pose action: allowing nothing to finish suddenly. Slow in and slow out: gentle starts and stops. Arcs: The path of actions for example throwing a ball which a ball follows and arcs. Secondary actions: movement of a lizards tail or a bounce in a persons step. Timing: time relations with actions for the illusion of life. Exaggeration: caricature of actions and timing. Solid drawing: Excellent drawing and artist ability. Appeal: audiences are attracted to the characters. Finally these twelve principles underlined the four guiding principles of production firstly Character development by giving characters personality, secondly a story which leads the audience, thirdly acting and emotions making the character life like. Finally, expression and dialogue is giving the character emotion 12 Principles of Animation (Thomas Johnston 1981) 12 Principles of Animation was illustrated clearly by Thomas Johnston (1981) in The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation: Straight-ahead and Pose-to-Pose* Squash and Stretch* Anticipation Staging Slow-in and Slow-out Arcs Secondary Action Timing and Motion* Exaggeration Solid Modeling and Rigging Character Personality Follow-thru and Overlapping Action Following examples are some of 12 principles of animation which are illustrated in Thomas and Johnstons book, The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation: Straight Ahead Action Straight ahead in animation is that sequential order of the frames of animation characters are drawn or set up by the animators. For example, after animators set the first frame with the second one, they the set up rest of the frames until the scene is completed. This is a process where the scene is produced by one drawing or image per frame that the animator. By Thomas Johnston 1981 Pose-to-Pose Action Thomas and Johnston explain that Pose-to-Pose Action Drawing or setting up key poses and then drawing or creating in between images is how Pose-To-Pose animation is done. This is the basic computer keyframe approach to animation. It is excellent for tweaking, timing, and planning out the animation ahead of time. + By Thomas Johnston 1981 quash and Stretch One significant function of 3D animation is to make an animation look more real. Anything in 3D animation will squash and stretch when it is moving. For example, when a ball in animated film is bouncing, it would be squashed and stretched to mimic a real movement of a ball. By Thomas Johnston 1981 By Thomas Johnston 1981 Timing and Motion Timing is most important for presenting a ball in 3D animation fallen like the movement of a real ball. When a ball falls, it is accelerated because of gravity, before the ball touch the ground, all gaps between each frame growing all the process. By Thomas Johnston 1981 III. Principles of post production of animated films Principles of Follow Through and Overlapping Action in animated films Follow Through and Overlapping Action are terminating an action and establishing its relationship to the next action (Thomas and Johnston 1981). Thomas and Johnston (1981) continually explained that the function of follow through is to terminate part of an action, for example, when a person is throwing a ball and the hand continues to move after the ball is released, overlapping action is to start the next action before the first action is completed. The purposes of follow through and overlapping action are to accomplish the animations smoothly. Editing of 2D animated films and 3D computer animation The final stage of animated film production is film editing which is usually the most effect upon consuming part of animated film making (Dmytryk 1984). Film editing is the essential skill which Dmytryk (1984) explains can be defined as an art form and technique, which is done by accumulating and assembling pictures and scenes into a coherent, logical and cohesive story. The film editor does this by assembling the footage; however, the job of an editor is not only about putting pieces of film together. A film editor must use his or her creative thought by using layers of images. It is not only apply these images with the story and follow the script and dialogue, but also considers the addition of music and has well set the pace of the film. In addition, editors might work with the animators and the directors to try gain the best performance that means animators would re-draw scenes over again and redirect and maybe rewrite the film few weeks after the film has finished shooting for m aking the film more cohesive (Dmytryk 1984.) Conclusion Every stages of creating hits animations are crucial, from the beginning to plan every detail, create a story, and build up the personalities of animated characters and shooting animations to the end to finish post production. Whatever using hand-drawn medium or CG tools to produce animations, the important principles of animated design are still involved art of film which is putting moving images on the screen (Jones Oliff 2006). This assay not only covers the important principles of design in the construction of an animated film in every stage, but also analyses both computer garnered animation and classical animation. Three main steps of producing animation-principles of before shooting and shooting and post production an animation- are examined. In addition, 3D computer animation has developed and been used to produce some CG hits animations already. As the result is that some principles of animated design have changed. However, the some important animated principles havent been moved, such as writing an appeal screen story, breathing life into characters (Porter and Susman 2000), or matching the music and voices in animations. Finally, these principles of design in the both construction in traditional 2D animation and 3D computer animation is in order to produce a gorgeous animation. Although animation principles of design in the construction have been changing due to development of CG technologies, the purpose of animation might be similar. How to make animated characters more lifelike, or produce an animation which audiences enjoy watching might be main aims animated industries and animators desire to achieve. Porter and Susman (2000) pointed that 3D animation could create scenes more complex, images more ponderous, and characters more fluid. However, 2D traditional animation could draw in the romantic-realistic style animation (Corliss 2005). Therefore, animated companies and animators should be encouraged to produce animations by the techniques which 2D animations apply to 3D animations. References List 3 D Computer Graphics, (n.d). flash article and images, viewed 17 May, 2010, http://www.pixar.com/theater/index.html Animated film making by Pixar, (n.d.), flash article and images, viewed 17 May, 2010, http://www.pixar.com/theater/index.html Blair, P, 1994, Cartoon Animation, Walter Foster Publishing, Laguana Hills. Dmytryk, E., (1984). On Film Editing: An Introduction to the Art of Film Construction. Focal Press, Boston Harper, B, 2000, EDC385G Multimedia Authoring at the University of Texas at Austin, viewed 23 April 2010, How to make an animated movie, (n.d.), video, viewed 27 April 2010, http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8683020727511417227# How to parenting techniques maya, (n.d.), video, viewed 30 April 2010, http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to-parenting-techniques-maya-8-5-196515/ How to parenting techniques maya, (n.d.), video, viewed 30 April 2010, http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to-parenting-techniques-maya-8-5-196518/ Lasseter, J, 1987, Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation, Computer Graphics, pp. 35-44. Savoye, A Meyer, A, 2008, Multi-Layer Level of Detail for Character Animation, The Fifth workshop on Virtual Reality and Physical Simulation Thomas, F., Johnston, O., 1981, reprint 1997, The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation. Hyperion,pp. 47-69 Youre your own cartoon straight ahead and pose-to-pose, (n.d.).description of video, viewed 3 May 2010), http://animatio.us/make-your-own-cartoon-straight-ahead-and-pose-to-pose/